Lead-acid batteries have been used for decades, but their weaknesses are becoming more apparent as modern vehicles demand more reliable power. From poor charging efficiency to short service life, these batteries often fail earlier than expected. That’s why more riders and outdoor enthusiasts are turning to lithium options like the Lithium Battery for Snowmobile and YTX20-BS Motorcycle Battery.

 

Slow Charging and Energy Loss

 

One of the most common issues with lead-acid batteries is their low charging efficiency. They take longer to recharge and lose capacity over time, especially if not used regularly. This means you might start the season with a full charge — only to find the battery drained weeks later. Lithium batteries retain energy far more effectively, ensuring your vehicle is always ready to go.

 

Performance Drops in Extreme Temperatures

 

Cold weather can be brutal on lead-acid batteries. Their internal chemistry slows down, reducing voltage and starting power. For snowmobile riders, this can mean unreliable starts and early battery failure. In contrast, a Lithium Battery for Snowmobile maintains strong performance even in freezing conditions, providing consistent and dependable power all winter long.

 

Maintenance and Corrosion

 

Lead-acid batteries require regular maintenance to function properly — checking fluid levels, cleaning terminals, and preventing corrosion. Without this upkeep, their performance quickly declines. Lithium batteries are completely maintenance-free. Once installed, the YTX20-BS Motorcycle Battery delivers reliable performance without the hassle of frequent care.

 

Short Lifespan and Heavy Weight

 

Lead-acid batteries are heavy and typically last only a few years, even under ideal conditions. Lithium batteries, however, offer double or even triple the lifespan while being much lighter. This weight reduction improves overall vehicle balance, acceleration, and fuel efficiency.

 

A Smarter Upgrade

 

For anyone tired of the limitations of traditional lead-acid batteries, upgrading to lithium is a simple decision. Whether it’s the Lithium Battery for Snowmobile or YTX20-BS Motorcycle Battery, you’ll benefit from faster charging, longer life, and dependable power — in any season, on any terrain.

When photovoltaics meet metal roofs, you need a professional, reliable, and efficient solar mounting solution. Art Sign Solar proudly presents the AS-N1A-50 N-Clamp, specifically designed for standing seam metal roofs, providing perfect support for commercial and industrial rooftop PV projects!

Precise Match, Secure Installation
The AS-N1A-50 N-Clip is meticulously engineered to compatible with roof standing seam size of 20mm, ensuring a perfect fit. Its unique N-shaped design provides exceptional grip strength without roof penetration, fully maintaining roof waterproof integrity. Used with L-feet, rails, and various connectors, it forms a complete and stable solar bracket system.

Two Flexible Installation Options

We offer two proven installation solutions:
1. With L-feet and Rails: Enables modular installation with flexible panel angle and layout adjustment.
2.Directly with Clamps: Simplifies installation steps, further improving efficiency, and significantly reducing labor costs.
— Non-penetrating the roof.
— Various N clip which is fit for different roof shape.
— Material: aluminum 6005-T5

Exceptional Performance, Long-Lasting Durability

Quick Installation: Pre-designed components, easy on-site assembly, significantly shortening construction time

Excellent Corrosion Resistance: Made from high-strength aluminum alloy with special surface treatment, perfect for harsh environments

Structural Stability: Undergone rigorous mechanical testing, capable of withstanding extreme wind and snow loads
Customization Service: Support personalized Solar mount solutions based on project requirements
The Art Sign AS-N1A-50 N-Clamp Series is the ideal choice for metal roof photovoltaic projects. Contact us today for professional technical support and customized solutions! welcome to contact us,
E-mail: sales@artsign.net.cn, Whatsapp /Wechat skype: +86 18030235875, thanks.

While the solar trackers dominate large scale solar projects in the solar energy market, fixed solar mounting system continue to prove their value in specific scenarios. At Art Sign Solar Energy Factory, we’ve been remaining dedicated to manufacturing high-quality fixed-tilt racks for 19 years, and here is why.

Choosing fixed solar mounting system is better in challenging environments such as hilly terrains, high-wind regions, or areas with rocky soil. Their simpler design, with no moving parts, ensures durability and reliability in some terrible weather conditions like heavy snow loads, hurricanes or typhoon. Unlike single-axis trackers, which require specialized ground foundations, fixed solar mounts adapt seamlessly to tough soil types, reducing construction complexity and costs.

Art Sign is committed to producing fixed solar mounting solutions that meet diverse project needs. Such as the agricultural support solar racking system, carport PV module mounting structure, hillside W-shaped solar ground mount and Zinc aluminum magnesium solar bracket. Their efficient design reduces manufacturing and installation expenses while minimizing maintenance needs after construction. For projects with limited budgets or high labor costs, they offer an ideal solution without sacrificing quality or performance.

Art Sign Solar Energy is dedicated to advancing fixed-tilt technology, drawing on years of expertise to provide durable and efficient racking solutions. By emphasizing reliability and adaptability, Art Sign ensures its products cater to the varied needs of solar developers globally. As the demand for renewable energy increases, fixed-tilt systems will remain crucial in expanding solar capacity across challenging terrains.
For developers seeking a dependable partner in solar infrastructure, Art Sign Solar Energy stands out as a leading supplier of fixed-tilt racking systems. With proven performance and cost-effective solutions, the company is poised to drive sustainable growth in the global solar market.

For any inquiry of solar panel mounting system, pls contact us, E-mai: sales@artsign.net.cn, Whatsapp / Wechat / Skype: +008618030235875, thanks.

Every Harley Davidson owner knows the importance of a dependable battery. Whether you’re cruising on the highway or storing your bike for winter, your battery’s performance can make or break your ride. That’s why more riders are turning to Lithium motorcycle batteries as a modern solution.

 

The Shift from Lead-Acid to Lithium

 

Traditional lead-acid batteries have been around for decades, but they’re heavy, require maintenance, and often need replacement every few years. In contrast, lithium technology offers lightweight power, longer life, and faster charging. A Harley Davidson LiFePO4 battery replacement not only cuts weight but also ensures consistent starting power, even after long periods of storage.

 

Key Advantages for Harley Riders

 

Lightweight Performance: Less battery weight means a smoother ride and easier handling.

 

Durability: Lithium batteries resist vibration better, which is essential for Harley engines.

 

Long-Term Value: Higher upfront cost is balanced by a lifespan that can last three to five times longer than lead-acid.

 

The Road Ahead

 

For Harley enthusiasts, upgrading isn’t just about convenience—it’s about confidence. Choosing a Harley Davidson LiFePO4 battery replacement means fewer worries on long trips and better reliability year-round. As more riders adopt Lithium motorcycle batteries, it’s clear this technology is becoming the new standard for the open road.

Modeling and Real-Time Control of Energy Storage Using HPCS Technologies

 

As the global transition toward renewable energy accelerates, energy storage systems (ESS) have become indispensable for maintaining grid stability, managing peak loads, and ensuring continuous power supply. However, the increasing complexity of integrating diverse power sources, variable loads, and bidirectional energy flows necessitates smarter control and management strategies. High-Performance Control Systems (HPCS) have emerged as a key enabling technology to meet these demands.

In this article, we explore how HPCS technologies enhance the modeling, simulation, and real-time control of modern energy storage systems, particularly in grid-connected and hybrid renewable applications.

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The Role of HPCS in Energy Storage

 

 

High-Performance Control Systems are advanced computational platforms equipped with real-time operating systems, high-speed processors, and optimized control algorithms. These systems are designed to handle complex, high-frequency control tasks with deterministic timing—making them ideal for managing Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), flywheels, supercapacitors, and hybrid storage architectures.

 

Key Advantages of HPCS in ESS:

 

• Real-Time Processing: Millisecond-level control response for voltage, current, and frequency regulation.

• Scalability: Modular architectures support integration with microgrids, distributed energy resources (DERs), and large-scale utility storage.

• Advanced Algorithm Deployment: Supports implementation of model predictive control (MPC), adaptive filtering, and AI-based optimization.

• Data Acquisition and Analytics: High-throughput data logging for diagnostics, performance optimization, and predictive maintenance.

 

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Modeling Energy Storage Systems for Control Optimization

 

Before deploying real-time control strategies, a detailed and accurate model of the energy storage system is essential. HPCS platforms allow for embedded modeling, enabling real-time simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing. This is critical for validating control logic under various operating conditions.

 

Key Modeling Components:

 

1. Electrical Model: Captures battery characteristics, equivalent circuit models (e.g., Thevenin or RC models), internal resistance, and state of charge (SoC).

2. Thermal Model: Simulates thermal dynamics to ensure temperature control and system longevity.

3. Degradation Model: Predicts aging and capacity fade, enabling lifecycle-aware control decisions.

4. Grid Interaction Model: Reflects grid voltage variations, frequency deviations, and power flow constraints.

These models can be continuously updated using real-time sensor data and adaptive estimation algorithms, ensuring that the control logic remains accurate over the lifetime of the system.

 

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Real-Time Control Strategies Using HPCS

 

Once a robust model is in place, HPCS can execute sophisticated real-time control strategies to ensure optimal performance and safety.

Common Real-Time Control Functions:

• SoC and SoH Management: Precise estimation and management of battery state of charge and health.

• Charge/Discharge Optimization: Dynamic adjustment of power flows based on load demand, electricity pricing, and renewable generation forecasts.

• Grid Services: Frequency regulation, voltage support, spinning reserve provisioning, and black start capability.

• Fault Detection and Recovery: Real-time monitoring for overvoltage, overcurrent, thermal excursions, and cyber-physical threats.

These functions are implemented through a layered control architecture, typically including:

• Primary Control: Fast response for voltage/current stabilization.

• Secondary Control: Manages SoC balance and power sharing across multiple storage units.

• Tertiary Control: Handles economic dispatch, scheduling, and communication with grid operators or energy markets.

 

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Deployment and Integration Considerations

 

Deploying HPCS for energy storage control involves both hardware and software integration:

• Hardware Selection: Real-time processors such as ARM Cortex-R, DSPs, or FPGA-based systems with dedicated ADC/DAC channels.

• Communication Protocols: Support for Modbus, CAN, Ethernet/IP, and IEC 61850 for SCADA and grid integration.

• Cybersecurity: Embedded security mechanisms including encryption, authentication, and intrusion detection.

Moreover, HPCS should comply with grid codes (e.g., IEEE 1547, ENTSO-E standards) and support remote firmware updates and diagnostics.

 

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Conclusion

 

 

High-Performance Control Systems are transforming the landscape of energy storage technology. Through accurate modeling and real-time control, HPCS platforms enable safer, more efficient, and grid-responsive storage systems. As the demand for energy resilience and flexibility grows, investing in HPCS-based solutions is not just beneficial—it's essential. yy

 

 

As societies accelerate the adoption of smart grids, distributed energy resources, and electric vehicles, the importance of maintaining stable frequency through precision timing devices such as crystal oscillators becomes increasingly evident.

                        

Frequency stability in smart grids

Smart grids are designed to balance supply and demand dynamically. They integrate renewable generation, real-time monitoring, and advanced control systems. For these systems to function seamlessly, frequency must remain stable across the entire network. Even small deviations can lead to synchronization problems between substations, energy storage units, and transmission infrastructure. A crystal oscillator provides the time reference needed for accurate communication protocols, grid synchronization, and protection systems, allowing distributed components to coordinate effectively.

 

Distributed energy systems: solar and wind integration

Photovoltaic and wind power are inherently variable due to environmental conditions. When integrated into the grid, these fluctuations must be managed carefully to avoid instability. Stable frequency references are used in inverter control, phase alignment, and grid-tied synchronization. Without precise timing, energy from solar panels or wind turbines cannot be reliably fed into the larger network. Crystal oscillators serve as the cornerstone for inverters and power conditioning equipment, ensuring consistent energy conversion and preventing power quality issues such as harmonics or voltage sags.

 

Energy storage and electric vehicles

The growth of electric vehicles (EVs) and large-scale battery storage highlights another critical area where frequency stability matters. EV charging stations rely on accurate frequency control to manage high-power electronics, bidirectional charging, and communication with grid operators. Similarly, stationary battery energy storage systems depend on synchronized frequency references for safe charging, discharging, and integration with renewable sources. By embedding high-precision oscillators, these systems can interact smoothly with the grid while maximizing efficiency and safety.

 

Wider impacts of frequency stability

Beyond energy generation and storage, stable frequency supports communication between devices in industrial automation, monitoring, and control networks. In the context of renewable energy integration, precise timing minimizes downtime, improves forecasting accuracy, and enhances the resilience of the grid against sudden disturbances. It also enables advanced functions such as microgrid operation, islanding protection, and demand-response coordination.

 

As the transition to sustainable energy accelerates, the technical requirement for frequency stability is more critical than ever. From smart grids coordinating diverse power flows, to distributed renewable systems balancing variability, and electric vehicles interacting with large-scale storage, precision oscillators deliver the foundation for reliability. Without accurate timing references, energy systems would face instability, inefficiency, and safety risks. In this way, frequency stability is not just a technical specification—it is a prerequisite for the future of modern energy infrastructure.

 

As AI workloads grow exponentially, even a simple query can trigger a complex chain of computation, storage access, and data movement—each step consuming energy. At the heart of this power surge are high-performance GPUs, especially from NVIDIA, which remain the backbone of most AI infrastructure today.

While alternative chips are gradually entering the scene, the NVIDIA ecosystem still defines the thermal and power footprint of modern data centers. And without effective cooling, these powerful chips simply cannot reach their designed performance or deployment density.

According to the International Energy Agency, data center electricity usage is projected to reach nearly 1,000 TWh by 2030—more than double what it was in 2024. This marks a sustained 12% annual growth rate, bringing the sector’s share to 1.5% of total global electricity consumption.
But computing power is only half the equation. Every kilowatt fed into a chip becomes heat—and that heat must go somewhere. Research from ABI suggests 37% of total energy in data centers is used just for cooling.

Cooling is Becoming a Core Constraint
 A decade ago, a 1MW data center was considered a major build. Today, hyperscale facilities are planned in the hundreds of megawatts—and by 2027, NVIDIA is targeting 1MW per rack. In parallel, ABI predicts that the number of public data centers will quadruple by 2030.
This rapid expansion isn’t just about growth—it’s about thermal pressure. While processors get faster and more efficient, traditional air cooling is already stretched to its limit. It was designed for yesterday’s workloads, not today’s AI models.
Cooling is no longer a behind-the-scenes utility—it’s a strategic capability. According to the Uptime Institute, 22% of operators have already adopted some form of Direct Liquid Cooling (DLC). But the majority of deployments remain custom and complex, particularly outside GPU farms or hyperscale sites.
This ad-hoc model cannot sustain the next generation of AI.

Making Liquid Cooling the New Standard
To match the pace of compute innovation, cooling must become just as modular, scalable, and serviceable as servers or storage infrastructure. Whether in new deployments or retrofitting legacy rooms, data center cooling must be repeatable, predictable, and easy to maintain.
Downtime is no longer an option—for hyperscalers running global cloud services, or enterprises handling real-time financial data. Cooling infrastructure must evolve from bespoke hardware into a standardized platform.

Coolnet Liquid Cooling Highlights
To meet the demands of high-density compute and rapid deployment, Coolnet offers a comprehensive range of modular, scalable liquid cooling products designed for modern data centers.

Mini Fan Wall
An integrated fan and heat exchanger system, ideal for small to mid-sized or edge data centers. Features dynamic fan speed control, easy installation, and high energy efficiency.

Chilled Water Rear Door Heat Exchanger
Mounted at the back of server racks to remove heat using chilled water. Compatible with standard IT equipment and improves overall cooling performance.

Row Type Liquid Cooling CDU
 Positioned between racks, this CDU provides precise cooling for liquid-cooled servers. Supports centralized monitoring, front-access maintenance, and high-capacity performance.

Immersion Liquid Cooling Solution
 Designed for ultra-high-density applications, this solution submerges servers in thermally conductive dielectric fluid. Delivers exceptional cooling efficiency, minimizes space, and dramatically reduces power usage for cooling systems.
 Coolnet delivers liquid cooling as a platform—flexible, efficient, and ready to scale with the future of AI and high-performance computing.

Contact us to learn more or request a tailored solution!
Email: info@coolnetsystem.com
Tel/Whatsapp: +86- 18326091011

Jet skis are built for thrill—fast acceleration, tight turns, and endless summer fun. But one often-overlooked component can make or break your experience: the battery. If you're still using a traditional lead-acid battery, it may be time to consider an upgrade that enhances both performance and reliability. Switching to a lithium battery can transform how your jet ski performs on and off the water.

 

Reduced Weight = Enhanced Agility

A key reason many riders make the switch is weight reduction. Lithium batteries are dramatically lighter than traditional ones, and that translates into a better power-to-weight ratio. The result? Faster takeoffs, smoother cornering, and more agile handling. Upgrading from older units like the YTX20-BS Motorcycle Battery to a lithium version can instantly lighten the load on your jet ski.

 

Dependable Starts, Every Time

Ever experienced a slow or failed start just before hitting the water? Lithium batteries deliver consistent power output and high cranking amps, even after long storage periods. Riders who choose a YTX30L-BS Battery Replacement in lithium form often report quick, confident starts—no more guessing whether the battery has enough juice.

 

Extended Lifespan = Lower Long-Term Costs

Although lithium batteries may come with a higher upfront price, they last far longer than standard batteries—often 2 to 4 times as long. That means fewer replacements, less hassle, and more value over time. The upgrade pays for itself in reliability and peace of mind.

 

Compact and Efficient

Lithium batteries don’t just weigh less—they're also more compact. This leaves more room in tight engine compartments and makes installation easier. It’s a subtle change that makes a big difference, especially for those who do their own maintenance or ride in challenging conditions.

 

Built for Modern Riders

Today's jet ski owners demand more: faster charging, cleaner energy, and zero maintenance. Lithium batteries deliver on all fronts. Whether you're cruising casually or racing over waves, lithium technology keeps up with your pace and performance goals.

 

The battery inside your jet ski might not be the flashiest part, but it's definitely one of the most important. Upgrading from a standard YTX20-BS Motorcycle Battery to a lithium-based YTX30L-BS Battery Replacement is a simple switch that unlocks a host of performance benefits. If you're ready to get the most from every ride, lithium is the way forward.

Are you tired of high electricity bills and looking for a sustainable solution? Look no further than a balcony PV system! This innovative technology allows you to harness the power of the sun and generate your own electricity, all from the comfort of your own balcony.

 

With a balcony PV system, you can enjoy a range of benefits, including:

 

Cost savings: By generating your own electricity, you can significantly reduce your monthly electricity bills. Plus, with government incentives and tax credits, you can save even more money.

 

Sustainability: By using renewable energy, you can reduce your carbon footprint and contribute to a more sustainable future.

 

Convenience: A balcony PV system is easy to install and requires minimal maintenance. Plus, with a battery backup system, you can ensure that you have power even during a blackout.

 

Increased property value: A balcony PV system can increase the value of your property, making it a smart investment for the future.

 

But don't just take our word for it - check out these stunning pictures of balcony PV systems in action:

As you can see, a balcony PV system is not only practical, but it can also be a stylish addition to your home.

So what are you waiting for? Contact us today to learn more about how a balcony PV system can benefit you and your home. Let us help you take the first step towards a more sustainable and cost-effective future.

Charging and discharging batteries is a chemical reaction, but it's claimed that Li-ion is an exception.

Li-ion batteries are influenced by numerous features such as over-voltage, Undervoltage, overcharge and discharge current, thermal runaway, and cell voltage imbalance. One of the most significant factors is cell imbalance which varies each cell voltage in the battery pack over time and hence decreases battery capacity rapidly.   

How to charge ECO-WORTHY lithium battery

You can charge your lithium iron phosphate batteries whenever you want just like your cellphone. Unlike lead-acid batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries do not get damaged if they are left in a partial state of charge, so you don’t have to stress about getting them charged immediately after use. They also don’t have a memory effect, so you don’t have to drain them completely before charging.

There are two methods for battery charging:

1. battery charger（mains power）

2. solar panel (DC power)

The most ideal way to charge a LiFePO4 battery is with a lithium iron phosphate battery charger, as it will be programmed with the appropriate voltage limits. Most lead-acid battery chargers will do the job just fine.

AGM and GEL charge profiles typically fall within the voltage limits of a lithium iron phosphate battery. Wet lead-acid battery chargers tend to have a higher voltage limit, which may cause the Battery Management System (BMS) to go into protection mode. This won’t harm the battery; however, it may cause fault codes on the charger display.

 

Li-ion Battery cell level and pack level control variables are needed to be maintained accurately for safe operation. These control variables are monitored and protected by the battery management system (BMS).

BMS is an electronic device that acts as a brain of a battery pack, monitors the output, and protects the battery from critical damages. This incorporates monitoring of temperature, voltage, and current, failure forecast or prevention, and data collection through communication protocol for battery parameter analysis. Battery state of charge (SOC) is the percentage of energy currently stored in the battery to the battery nominal capacity. One of the important key functions of BMS is cell balancing.

Of course, you can also use a solar panel to charge your ECO-WORTHY LiFePO4 battery, but please make sure to choose a proper controller, both PWM controller and MPPT controller are okay.

And as an SLA targeted 12V panel makes about 18V at full-sun full-load, such a 12V panel will provide more than enough voltage under all practical light conditions.

If you don't have a controller, you can connect the battery to the solar panel, too. The BMS inside will protect the battery most times.

 

But if there is a defect in the battery BMS, the battery will be damaged.

The ECO-WORTHY Battery Management System (BMS) performs three primary functions:

1. It protects the battery pack from being over-charged (cell voltages going too high) or over-discharged (cell voltages going too low) thereby extending the life of the battery pack. It does this by constantly monitoring every cell in the battery pack and calculating exactly how much current can safely go in (source, charge) and come out (load, discharge) of the battery pack without damaging it. These calculated current limits are then sent to the source (typically a battery charger) and load (motor controller, power inverter, etc), which are responsible for respecting these limits.

2. It calculates the State of Charge (the amount of energy remaining in the battery) by tracking how much energy goes in and out of the battery pack and by monitoring cell voltages. This value can be thought of as a fuel gauge indicating how much battery power is left in the pack.

 

3. It monitors the health and safety of the battery pack by constantly checking for shorts, loose connections, breakdowns in wire insulation, and weak or defective battery cells that need to be replaced.

Unless you like living on the edge, DO NOT BUY a battery without BMS!

How to choose an ECO-WORTHY lithium battery charger? Can I charge my lithium battery with a lead-acid charger?

Lithium batteries are not like lead-acid and not all battery chargers are the same. A 12V lithium battery fully charged to 100% will hold voltage around 13.3V-13.4V. Its lead-acid cousin will be approx 12.6V-12.7V.

A lithium battery at 20% capacity will hold voltage around 13V, its lead-acid cousin will be approx 11.8V at the same capacity.

So if you use the lead-acid charger to charge your lithium battery, it may not be fully charged.

You can use an AC to DC lead-acid charger powered by mains power, as charge efficiency and duration are less of a concern, it must not have automatic desulfation or equalization modes. If it does, do not use it as there is a high chance of damage to the cells or battery. This can have a significant reduction in battery longevity. If it has a simple bulk/ absorption/ float charge profile, then it can be used to recharge the battery but must be disconnected once charged and not left in trickle charge/maintenance mode. It must also have a maximum output voltage of 13V-14.5V. When it comes to DC-DC chargers and solar controllers, you must change these to LiFePO4 specific models.

Our ECO-WORTHY battery charging parameters consist of the following:

✹Bulk/absorb: 14.2V- 14.6V. ✹Float: 14.6V ✹Equalization: 13.6V- 14.0V

 

But it would be best for you to choose a specific lithium battery charger. We have designed our own battery charger, perfect for lithium, LiFePO4 battery charging.

This device connects directly to the battery and is meant for single-battery charging. It’s great for those with trolling motor applications or those with battery systems connected in series.

How to use the charger properly?

Most LiFePO4 chargers have different charging modes, set them like this:

battery type: LiFePO4

battery cells: 4S 

C (current): 10A (e.g. 0.3C for 30ah Battery)

 

Set the charger’s output current to no greater than the ‘0.7C’ rating of the battery. A recommended charging current no greater than 0.5C will help to maximize the lifespan of the LifePO4 battery.

Battery bank charging/ Separate charging

ECO-WORTHY battery has a voltage limitation on battery BMS module, which allows a maximum of 4 batteries in series connection. And no limitation for parallel.

If you charge connected batteries together, it may cause that one battery to be fully charged and the other one not, because the BMS will cut off the current when detecting one high voltage when a single one is full.

E.g. 2*30AH batteries are not full when they get to one customer, the capacity and practical voltage varied when they got disposed of in the warehouse, one is 13.2V (70%), the other is 12.9V (20%).

The customer got them wired in series, and used a suitable charger to charge them together, after a while, the display revealed full capacity status when it detected one of the batteries got the 13.6V voltage, so the charging process was accomplished, and the charger cut off the current to the pack to avoid over-charging.

But actually, the other 12.9V battery was not fully charged after the current got off, so when the customer use the battery bank, he found that the capacity did not reach his expectation, because the total output power gets limited by the low voltage one.

So we recommend you get one charging balancer. Or just charge them separately.

If you found that the battery bank's total capacity could not reach what it should be after charging the pack to full voltage, you could disconnect the batteries, and test the voltage of each, to verify if some of them did not get fully charged in the process.

Can I charge lithium batteries in the cold?

Lithium batteries rely on chemical reactions to work, and the cold can slow and even stop those reactions from occurring. Unfortunately, charging them in low temperatures is not as effective as doing so under normal weather conditions because the ions that provide the charge do not move properly in cold weather. There's one hard and fast rule: to prevent irreversible damage to the battery, don't charge them when the temperature falls below freezing (0°C or 32°F) without reducing the charge current. Because the lithium batteries suffer from a phenomenon of lithium metal plating on the anode if charged at high rates in cold temperatures. This could cause an internal short of the battery and a failure.

 

Please look at the following table to see the relationship between the voltage and temperature.

Can I leave the ECO-WORTHY lithium battery on charging all the time?

For a lithium battery with a low maintenance charging procedure and battery management system, it's perfectly fine and better than leaving them discharged for a long period. Regardless of whether it is a dedicated charger or a general charger, under normal conditions, it has a charging cut-off voltage, which means that it will stop charging at a certain volt. The same is true for the solar panel controller, and the controller can also be configured like this. The solar panel is directly connected for charging. If there is a problem with the BMS, it may be overcharged.

Can I recharge my lithium battery from my vehicle alternator?

Yes, but not necessarily to full charge, because most Alternators are adjusted for the lower voltage requirements of the vehicle Lead/Acid Battery (approximately 13.9V). Lithium Batteries require 14.4 to 14.6 Volts to fully charge. That being said, you can get up to approximately a 70% charge, depending on the depth of discharge and distance driven while recharging from your vehicle alternator.

 

It’s best to use a DC to DC charger, which helps protect and extend the life of your RV battery and not overload your vehicle alternator. Most DC to DC charger models have the same three-stage charging modes, and they will safely charge the battery and prevent alternator damage.